Sustainable transportation has gained immense importance in an era where environmental concerns have taken center stage. Green and clean mobility can be achieved through cycling, which has emerged as an attractive option. Worldwide, cycling has captured the hearts of people due to its numerous benefits for both the individual and the planet. It is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly mode of transportation that requires no fuel and helps reduce air pollution. Cycling also promotes physical fitness and reduces stress. Ultimately, it is a great way to enjoy nature and explore the world around us. Looking at why cycling has become a symbol of sustainable transportation will open our eyes to its beauty.
Promoting sustainable transportation through cycling requires a multi-faceted approach that includes urban planning, policy changes, infrastructure development, public awareness campaigns, and individual choices. By embracing cycling as a viable mode of transportation, communities can reduce their environmental footprint, improve public health, and create more livable and vibrant urban spaces.
Cycling is highly encouraged and well integrated into the transportation system in Germany. The country has made significant efforts to promote cycling as an eco-friendly and healthy mode of transportation. Comparing cycling between Dresden, Germany, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, and Bangkok, Thailand, involves examining various factors such as infrastructure, cultural norms, policies, and overall cycling culture. Please note that these two Global South countries are diverse with significant differences, so this comparison will provide a general overview rather than specific details about each country.
The bicycle does not understand nationalities; it accepts everyone equally. It could be said to be the most democratic mode of transport. It creates value for society not only in terms of mobility but also in terms of habitability, sustainability, health, sociability, gender integration, etc. Moreover, a bicycle not only benefits those who pedal its wheels but also extends its positive impact to others.
Here are some key points to consider when discussing sustainable transportation through cycling:
1. Infrastructure
Germany: Germany is known for its well-developed cycling infrastructure, including dedicated bicycle lanes, cycling paths, and bicycle-friendly roads. The Dresden cycling infrastructure design has the main characteristics of the most significant elements of the public road. It can be distinguished between the bicycle lanes, the priority lanes for bicycles (lanes marked red), bicycles as guest areas, and zones of cars as guests, of these last two, it is recommended to limit the circulation speed. To calm traffic, in addition to reducing speed limits, changes must be made to the infrastructure, such as those curbs that have been called devilish.
Bolivia: Infrastructure for cycling varies widely across cities. Some cities have started to invest in cycling infrastructure, while others may have limited or underdeveloped cycling lanes and facilities. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, the cycling infrastructure is comparatively developed, consisting of dedicated bicycle lanes and paths that are separated from the motor traffic, promoting cycling as a safe mode of transportation.
Thailand: Between 2014 and 2016, Bangkok initiated a project aimed at constructing 48 bicycle paths covering a total distance of 298 kilometers. These paths were categorized into six different types:
1. Road Surface Path
2. Sidewalk Path
3. Road-Sidewalk Joint Path
4. Bicycle Path on the Shoulder
5. Specialized Bicycle Path
6. Bicycle Paths within Parks
However, the utilization of these bicycle paths has fallen short of expectations due to several challenges:
Parking Conflicts: Many bicycle paths have been utilized as parking spaces due to their shared characteristics with regular lanes. This is prevalent in commercial districts where development has disregarded the intended purpose of these paths.
Legal Shortcomings: Inadequate legal measures have hindered the resolution of these issues, despite these lanes being designated as ‘specialized bicycle lanes’ separated from the main road.
Lack of Network Development: The creation of a comprehensive network of bicycle routes has not been realized yet.
Unsuitable Infrastructure: The area’s infrastructure is ill-suited for bicycle usage due to challenges such as negotiating road intersections, inadequate parking facilities, insufficient lighting, and obstructions.
To address these challenges, Bangkok will undertake a pilot initiative to develop bicycle-friendly zones, focusing on areas equipped with dedicated bicycle lanes disconnected from the main road system. The plan for this initiative is as follows:
Bicycle-Road Crossings: All bicycle crossings will be transformed into pedestrian crossings. They will be elevated to a flat-topped speed hill level, and a pavement will be added based on the suitability of the area. Addressing obstructions like trees and signs that hinder cyclists’ visibility will be prioritized. Installing speed limiters and clear warning signs for motorists and pedestrians will be integral. Enhanced road signage and additional lighting will improve safety.
Crosswalks: Pedestrian crossings compatible with bicycles and adapted to the local surroundings will be designed. Existing overpasses will be upgraded by incorporating rail trenches. Other crosswalks will be evaluated and enhanced to meet universal safety standards, ensuring safe passage for everyone.
Road Surface Enhancement: Road surfaces will be enhanced for a smoother experience, addressing issues like water pipe caps and road markings. Proper drainage systems with V-groove reflective pins and other safety features will be incorporated.
Bicycle Parking: High-quality, secure bicycle parking facilities integrated with public transportation options and adjacent commercial zones, like shopping malls and shops, will be established. Furthermore, collaboration with local stakeholders will ensure comprehensive support.
Comprehensive Bicycle Paths: A comprehensive network of cycle paths across all streets, connecting different parts of the city and creating a cohesive bicycle route system, will be developed.
By focusing on these improvements and addressing the issues that have hindered bicycle path utilization, Bangkok aims to foster a more bicycle-friendly environment that promotes cycling as a viable mode of transportation. This approach will not only encourage sustainable mobility but also enhance the overall urban experience for residents and visitors alike.
2. Cultural Norms
Germany: Cycling is a popular mode of transportation in Germany. It’s seen as a normal and practical way to get around, even for longer distances. The cultural acceptance of cycling in Dresden contributes to its popularity. There is a dedicated, mostly paved, multi-use path along both sides of the Elbe River, mainly heading east from the city center. The north side is lusher and greener, while the south side has several tourist spots, such as the ferry. In addition, a part of the public transportation system can be used for a 5-minute crossing. Interestingly, in Dresden, cycling infrastructure is made more meaningful by combining it with memorials such as painted white bikes, also called as ghost bikes, that intrigue the riders on their journey.
Bolivia: Cycling culture varies across the country. In some cities, cycling might be more associated with leisure or sport than daily transportation. However, after the pandemic, cycling is gaining popularity as a sustainable mode of transportation. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, cultural norms related to transportation could influence the perception of cycling as a feasible choice for daily commuting or recreation.
The overall cycling culture in Santa Cruz is influenced by local events, clubs, advocacy groups, and individual preferences. A strong cycling culture can promote community engagement, events like group rides, and initiatives to raise awareness about cycling’s benefits. The presence of cycling-related businesses, repair shops, and bicycle-sharing programs can also indicate a growing cycling culture.
Thailand: In the past, Thailand had a strong cultural tradition of using bicycles for transportation. However, with the passage of time, the popularity of this practice has waned. Nevertheless, the contemporary era has witnessed a growing trend toward environmental preservation and mitigating the ecological issues stemming from car usage and fossil fuel consumption. These problems, notably air and noise pollution, have spurred a desire for change among a significant portion of the population.
Many individuals are now inclined towards adopting bicycles as a mode of transportation as well as for recreational and exercise purposes. This shift in mindset reflects a collective aspiration to contribute positively to the environment while embracing healthier and more sustainable lifestyle choices. As awareness of environmental concerns deepens and the realization of the impact of individual actions gains traction, the resurgence of bicycles as a preferred means of getting around stands as a promising step toward a greener and cleaner future.
3. Safety
Germany: Germany is known for its high safety standards for cyclists. Infrastructure is designed to keep cyclists safe, and drivers are generally respectful of cyclists on the road.
Bolivia: Safety for cyclists in Bolivia can be a concern due to varying infrastructure quality, traffic congestion, and differing attitudes towards cyclists on the road. Santa Cruz is working to improve cyclist safety, as they need to feel secure while riding on roads alongside motor vehicles. Effective safety measures, such as proper signage, designated bicycle lanes, and public awareness campaigns, can contribute to creating a safer environment for cyclists.
Thailand: Bicycle safety in Thailand remains a concern, largely due to the considerable volume of cars on the road. The existing state of bicycle paths also necessitates improvements to enhance safety conditions. However, there’s an encouraging trend of increasing bicycle usage despite these challenges. Looking forward, there is a strong desire for the formulation of comprehensive policies aimed at promoting bicycle use and bolstering confidence in its safety.
As more individuals embrace cycling as a viable mode of transportation, the need for a safer cycling environment becomes paramount. The eventual establishment of well-defined guidelines and policies is crucial in fostering a culture of bicycle safety. These policies should encompass not only infrastructure improvements, such as well-maintained bicycle paths and cyclist-friendly road designs, but also educational initiatives that inform cyclists and motorists alike about sharing the road responsibly.
By addressing these concerns and implementing effective policies, Thailand can aspire to create a future where bicycles are a trusted and secure mode of transportation. This transition not only aligns with the global trend toward sustainable mobility but also reflects a commitment to prioritizing the well-being of both individuals and the environment.
Challenges
Germany: While Dresden has made great strides in promoting cycling, challenges still exist, such as issues with bike theft and the need for continued investment in infrastructure.
Bolivia: Challenges in Santa Cruz can include the need for more investment in cycling infrastructure, changing attitudes towards cycling as a viable mode of transportation, and addressing safety concerns.
Thailand: Promoting the utilization of bicycles in Thailand comes with its fair share of challenges. These include the need for substantial investments in building adequate bicycle lanes, ensuring traffic safety for cyclists, incentivizing a higher number of people to opt for bicycles, and launching effective campaigns to encourage wider bicycle adoption.
1. Infrastructure Investment: Constructing well-designed and comprehensive bicycle lanes necessitates significant investments in urban planning and development. These lanes should be seamlessly integrated into the existing road network, prioritizing safety and convenience for cyclists.
2. Traffic Safety: Ensuring the safety of cyclists within the existing traffic ecosystem is a primary concern. This entails creating cyclist-friendly road designs, implementing measures to prevent accidents, and raising awareness among motorists about sharing the road harmoniously with cyclists.
3. Incentives for Cycling: To encourage more individuals to choose bicycles over other modes of transportation, the introduction of incentives can be influential. These incentives might include tax breaks, subsidies for bicycle purchases, or discounts on public transportation fares for those who cycle to transit stations.
4. Awareness Campaigns: Effective public awareness campaigns play a pivotal role in shifting cultural attitudes towards cycling. Promotional initiatives can spotlight the health benefits, environmental advantages, and cost-effectiveness of using bicycles. These campaigns should target a wide demographic sample of the population to garner broader support.
By proactively addressing these challenges, Thailand can pave the way for a bicycle-friendly environment that not only enhances sustainable mobility but also contributes to healthier lifestyles and a cleaner environment. A multi-faceted approach that encompasses infrastructure, safety, incentives, and public engagement will be instrumental in fostering a successful bicycle promotion initiative.
In conclusion, cycling as a sustainable mode of transport is more established and integrated into daily life in Germany than in many countries of the Global South. However, some Bolivian and Thai cities are making efforts to improve cycling infrastructure and promote cycling as a practical and environmentally friendly mode of transport. The success of cycling as a sustainable mode of transport depends on several factors, including infrastructure development, cultural acceptance, government policies, and safety considerations. A holistic approach that addresses these factors can help create cities where cycling is not only a practical, sustainable mode of transportation, but also a vibrant part of the urban culture. At the individual level, by embracing the bicycle as your trusted steed, you become a silent catalyst for positive change. The wheels beneath you become agents of transformation, curbing pollution and ushering in a sustainable future. Your choice to pedal instead of pollute resonates far beyond your individual journey, rippling through the fabric of society and inspiring others to follow.
A bicycle feels like a universal resonance of freedom. It produces benefits for those who travel by bicycle and those who do not, by freeing up space and reducing air and noise pollution.
The blog authors – Mariela Peña from Bolivia and Manop Kaewfoo from Thailand at the Blaues Wunder, Dresden. Photo Credits: (Arief Lagoia)
Our Dresden anecdote
Farewell to you, accompanied by a charming anecdote from our delightful cycling escapade through Dresden, Germany. Our hope is that this tale will ignite a spark within you to plan your very own cycling adventure. Navigating Dresden and its outskirts on two wheels is an experience of utmost security and ease. The enchanting journey led us along the serene banks of the Elbe River, where we marveled at the architectural masterpieces, sculptures, gardens, trees, and the tapestry of daily life.
Venturing into the rural expanse, we pedaled through barley fields, pastures, and orchards, embracing the tranquility of the countryside. In the winter of 2023, armed with our trusty CIPSEM bicycles, we embarked on a cycling expedition to the splendid Great Garden. Here, amidst blooming flowers, we delved into the intricacies of ecosystem services and hydraulic systems. A moment of reverent pause awaited us as we gazed upon the majestic Bismark Column, standing sentinel near the CIPSEM facility.
With the advent of late spring in May, our wheels covered a distance of 8 km to the vibrant rapeseed field. Inviting fellow enthusiasts to join us, we conquered challenging inclines that rewarded our determined efforts with vistas that took our breath away. At the summit, a refreshing breeze and the fragrant whispers of spring welcomed us, encapsulating the serenity of Dresden’s outskirts. And as nature’s law dictates, what goes up must descend; thus, we commenced our homeward journey.
Under the cloak of night, adrenaline surged as we descended downhill, guided by the dance of lights that signaled each move – a symphony of caution and exuberance, proclaiming, “Your safety is paramount.”
A visual glimpse into our adventure
A sunset at the Elbe River in Dresden, (Photo Credits: Manop Kaewfoo)
Left: Mariela at the Bismarcksäule, Right top: Großer Garten in winter season, Right bottom: Hydraulic systems, (Photo Credits: Manop Kaewfoo )
Left top: Route to Rapeseed field, Top center: At the Rapeseed field, Right top: The unique paved path with the wide field of meadows in winter season, Bottom: Riders bn the way to the Rapeseed field (Minh-Vietnam, Vaibhav-India, Mariela-Bolivia, Omobayo-Benin and Manop-Thailand) Photo Credits: (Manop Kaewfoo)
Left: The Red Poppy Team, Arief, Mariela and Manop (Photo Credits: A Vietnamese tourist) Right top and bottom: The red poppies, (Photo Credits: Manop Kaewfoo)
by Mariela Peña (Bolivia) and Manop Kaewfoo (Thailand) – Participants of the 46th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries.
UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV course program 