It is easy to overlook the strong connection we have with the natural world in our modern lives. Although, nature has a remarkable ability to revive itself, we often ignore its direct signs. Successful forest restoration initiatives stand as powerful testaments to nature’s resilience when we choose to listen. Forests, the brightest green and most beautiful landscapes, are the lungs of our planet, vital for climate and water regulation, biodiversity, carbon sequestration and human well-being. Unfortunately, deforestation and degradation have created gaping wounds in this vital ecosystem. Within these scars, however, a powerful concept is emerging: forest restoration. Forest restoration is not just about planting trees, but a holistic approach to revitalizing the complex web of life within a forest. It’s about repairing broken connections, encouraging the return of native species, and revitalizing the natural processes that make forests thrive. In this exploration, we shine a spotlight on inspiring examples from the African continent, where remarkable changes have occurred in just five years, demonstrating the resurgence of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and soil fertility. Once we begin restoration initiatives, nature responds immediately, demonstrating its amazing resilience.
Restored forests are majestic landscapes, rich in biodiversity, sources of carbon sequestration, and provide climate and water regulation. Photo credit: Meta Francis
Lessons learned
In Tanzania, the Amani Nature Reserve had been severely degraded by deforestation and unsustainable land-use practices. However, when the Tanzania Forest Conservation Group initiated the restoration efforts, recovery was high and very successful. The restoration project led to the regrowth of indigenous tree species, the return of many bird and primate species, and enabled the ecosystem to perform its functions within five years.
The Ebo Forest in Cameroon is one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots and had suffered habitat degradation due to deforestation. Local communities and conservation organizations like Rainforest Trust have actively supported forest restoration initiatives of the forest, and they have succeeded in replanting native tree species in the degraded areas. Within a short period of time, endangered primates such as the drill and the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee have returned back to the restored areas of the forest.
The government of Ethiopia and its development partners have worked tirelessly to restore degraded lands and improve ecosystem functions using forest-landscape-restoration approaches. For example, the restoration project implemented practices for afforestation, agroforestry, and soil and water conservation practices in the rocky and mountainous Tigray (northern Ethiopia). The impacts of the restoration efforts have been positive and significant, with increased vegetation cover, improved soil fertility, increased water availability, and the reintroduction of numerous wildlife species.
The Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve in South Africa was once degraded by severe erosion and topsoil loss, but after a comprehensive ecological restoration effort that included reforestation, holistic grazing management, and the reintroduction of keyspecies, soil fertility improved significantly. The restored soil supported the growth of diverse vegetation types in less than five years, creating an environment conducive to the return of wildlife and the establishment of a self-sustaining ecosystem.
Key messages
We can learn from these successful examples of forest restoration and soil fertility improvement. They remind us that nature is capable of self-healing when given the chance, and that we need to pay attention to its indicators, understand its needs and act accordingly.
A holistic approach that takes into account the interrelationships between the various components of an ecosystem is crucial, because the restoration and conservation of our natural habitats depends on sustainable agriculture, good land use practices and reforestation initiatives. Patience, a virtue often underestimated, is essential for successful restoration. Nature operates on its schedule, and the fruits of our efforts may not manifest immediately. The key takeaway is clear: give nature the chance, and it will recover. Let’s be good stewards of the environment. By initiating and participating in restoration projects, we can encourage nature to flourish and secure a sustainable future.
Together, through careful attention and concerted efforts, we can make the world a better place for both present and future generations.
Nyssen, J., Poesen, J., Moeyersons, J., Deckers, J., Haile, M. and Lang, A. 2004. Human Impact on the Environment in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands-A State of the Art. Earth-Science Reviews, 64, 273-320.
Boshoff, A. 2005. The Baviaanskloof Mega-Reserve. An environmentally, socially and economically sustainable conservation and development initiative. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Report No. 52. 47pp.
by Meta Francis Justine (South Sudan), Workinesh Takelle (Ethiopia) & Omobayo Ghislain (Benin) – Participants of the 46th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries.
You may not think about the resources used in its production when you enjoy a cup of your favorite coffee, but coffee is more than a beverage; it represents a sophisticated global economy with significant environmental impacts. The amount of water it takes to make a cup of coffee is an important factor that is often ignored. In this blog post, we’ll dive into the hidden costs and examine how many liters of water are required to make your daily brew.
A cup of your favorite coffee can go a a long way in making you feel refreshed on a hectic day.
The water journey in coffee production
Understanding the complex supply chain involved in coffee production is critical to understanding the beverage’s water impact. Planting and caring for coffee plants are the first steps in growing coffee. When the coffee cherries are ready, they are picked, prepared, roasted, and finally brewed into the fragrant beverage we all enjoy. Water is an essential resource because it is involved in every step of the process:
1.Cultivation:
Coffee plants need a lot of water to grow. Typically, the agricultural process takes place in areas with irrigation systems or moderate to high rainfall levels. The typical amount of water required by coffee plants per kilogram of coffee cherries is 2,500 liters. The soil should also have good drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can be detrimental to the plants. In addition to water, coffee plants thrive in regions with specific temperature and altitude conditions. Coffee is usually grown in tropical climates with temperatures between 15 and 24 degrees Celsius. The altitude of the growing area is critical, with most coffee plantations located between 2,600 and 1,800 meters above sea level, contributing to the development of the unique flavors associated with coffee grown at high altitudes. Coffee plants also require adequate sunlight for healthy growth. This is where an agroforestry system can be implemented. When coffee grows under the canopy of taller trees, the trees provide the shade needed to protect the delicate coffee cherries from the sun’s harsh rays. This agroforestry practice not only benefits the coffee plants, but also promotes biodiversity and environmental sustainability.
2.Processing:
After harvesting, coffee cherries undergo a processing stage. There are two main processes: the wet process and the dry process.
Wet process: In this technique, the outer skin of the cherry is removed and left to ferment in water for a while. The water is necessary to wash away the mucilage that coats the beans during fermentation. The wet method requires between 38 and 42 liters of water to produce one kilogram of coffee.
Dry process: In this technique, the coffee cherries are spread out in the sun to dry. Although, this method uses much less water than the wet process, a small amount of water is still needed in the initial washing stage to remove any impurities or debris. The dry technique requires about 1-2 liters of water to process one kilogram of coffee.
3.Roasting and brewing:
The coffee beans are heated to a high temperature during the roasting process. Although, water plays less of a role in this process, it is critical when it comes to brewing the roasted coffee beans. The amount of water needed for brewing is determined by a number of variables, including the desired strength, the brewing process, and personal preference. A typical cup of coffee requires between 100 and 200 milliliters of water.
To calculate the total water footprint of a cup of coffee, we must consider all the water used in the production cycle, including irrigation, processing, and indirect water use, in order to calculate the entire water footprint of a cup of coffee. Research suggests that it takes an average of 140 liters (37 gallons) of water to produce a single cup of coffee. However, this value can change based on a number of variables, including the type of coffee, farming techniques, processing techniques, and even the region in which the coffee is grown.
Sustainable practices to minimize water impact of coffee
While the complexity of the industry makes it difficult to estimate the exact water footprint, it is important to understand the environmental impact and promote sustainable practices. As a result, programs and practices are in place to minimize water impacts. Some examples include:
Irrigation systems and technologies that use less water: the use of drip irrigation or precision agriculture techniques (like sensor-based irrigation systems) can help maximize water use in coffee farming. These systems use real-time data to optimize water delivery, ensuring that plants receive the precise amount of water they need, thereby minimizing waste.
Utilization of water-efficient coffee varieties: research and development efforts are underway to breed coffee plants that are more resilient to water scarcity. By cultivating and promoting the use of water-efficient coffee varieties, farmers can contribute to water conservation in coffee production.
Education and training programs: providing education and training to coffee farmers on water-efficient agricultural practices and sustainable water management can play a crucial role. Empowering farmers with knowledge about water conservation strategies ensures the long-term viability of coffee production while preserving water resources.
Environmentally friendly processing technologies can reduce the amount of water used during the manufacturing phase. These methods are being developed and promoted.
Responsible brewing: Minimizing the amount of water used while making coffee helps reduce resource use. Making the right brewing decisions, such as avoiding excessive water waste and selecting efficient brewing tools, can have an impact.
Promote water conservation throughout the supply chain by purchasing coffee from companies that are committed to sustainability and environmental responsibility. Here, certification can play a role. Certifications often include criteria related to environmental sustainability, including water management practices, and can guide consumers toward environmentally friendly coffee options.
Consumer awareness campaigns for coffee play a crucial role in educating and informing coffee enthusiasts about various aspects of the coffee industry, from ethical sourcing practices to health benefits and sustainability initiatives. It can have a significant impact on shaping purchasing behaviors and fostering a more informed and conscientious coffee culture.
So we, as consumers, can do our part by supporting coffee farmers who are committed to water-efficient farming and processing practices and advocating for transparency in the coffee supply chain, including information on where the coffee comes from and how it’s produced. In addition, minimizing our own water footprint when making coffee at home can help reduce the overall water footprint of our favorite morning habit. More simply, we can promote a more sustainable and environmentally responsible coffee culture by also appreciating the water that goes into a typical cup of this delicious beverage.
Authors enjoying a cup of coffee. Image credit: Arief Lagoina.
Let’s enjoy our coffee with a mindful awareness that our choices possess the power to preserve this invaluable resource and safeguard the environment for generations to come…
by Arief Lagoina (Indonesia), Délice Muhoza (Burundi), Guillermo Vizarreta (Peru), Sumaiyya Saleem (Pakistan), Minh Hoang (Vietnam) – Participants of the 46th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries.
In our ever-evolving world, the need for environmental awareness and sustainable practices is more important than ever. In this journey towards a sustainable future, one of the most powerful steps we can take is to spread awareness and encourage others to adopt eco-friendly practices. However, the power of eco-conversations lies not only in their ability to raise awareness but also in their potential to drive meaningful change, encourage innovation, and foster a global sense of responsibility. In a world that is more interconnected than ever, these conversations transcend borders and cultures, emphasizing that environmental issues are not isolated concerns but shared challenges.
Beyond awareness, eco-conversations inspire individuals to take action by challenging the status quo and encouraging creative solutions to environmental problems. And what better way to start than by having conversations with our friends? By sharing our passion for going green, we can inspire others to make small changes that collectively have a significant positive impact on the environment. The influence of social circles on individual behaviors and attitudes is well documented, and harnessing this influence can be a driving force for positive change.
During our time at CIPSEM, while learning about different aspects of environmental management, we developed strong friendships and learned from each other about different sustainable practices followed at home and issues related to green behavior in our different countries. Our friendly conversations over coffee and during treks have led us to adopt new sustainable practices in our daily routines. Therefore, inspired by our personal experiences that have strengthened our commitment to living a sustainable life, we are sharing with you some simple steps to start eco conversations with your friends and family.
First, we would like to ask you a few questions. Do you find it difficult to explain the benefits of green practices to your friends? Are you concerned about the future of our planet and want to do something about it?
You may find answers to your questions in this blog.
Below, we’ll discuss some friendly and effective ways to start conversations with your friends and family about going green.
Starting the Dialogue to taking Action – 7 steps
EM 46 Participants talking about going green. Photo Credits: Manop Kaewfoo.
Step 1 – Choose the Right Moment:
Timing is everything! Find an appropriate time when both you and your friend are relaxed and open to conversation. Choose a quiet and casual setting, such as a walk in the park, over coffee, or during a hangout. By choosing the right time and place, you will create a comfortable environment that encourages open dialogue.
A calm nature setting with seating islands can be a great place to start an eco conversation. Photo Credits: Manop Kaewfoo.
Step 2 – Share Personal Experiences:
Begin the conversation by highlighting shared values and concerns about the environment. Talk about the beauty of nature and its importance in our lives. Share your personal experiences with environmental stewardship. Talk about the positive changes you have made in your own life, such as reducing plastic waste, conserving energy, choosing sustainable transportation methods, or simply adopting an eco-friendly attitude. Explain that if we want to make the world a better place, change starts with us. Speaking from your own perspective makes it relatable and encourages your friends to share their own experiences and thoughts.
Step 3 – Be Positive and Non-Judgmental:
Approach the conversation with a positive, non-judgmental attitude. Instead of criticizing your friends’ current habits, focus on the benefits and rewards of adopting sustainable practices. Talk about the positive impact these changes can have on their health, finances, and the environment. Emphasize the idea that going green is a journey and that every small step counts.
Step 4 – Highlight Benefits and Exciting Trends:
Going green is not just about sacrifice; it is also about discovering exciting opportunities and trends. Mention the innovative eco-friendly products such as reusable water bottles, solar-powered gadgets or sustainable fashion options. Share interesting stories and statistics about the positive effects of sustainable practices, such as a reduced carbon footprint or cost savings from energy-efficient appliances.
Step 5 – Offer Practical Tips and Resources:
Provide your friends with practical tips and resources to help them get started. Offer suggestions for simple changes they can make, such as switching to LED light bulbs, recycling, or reducing food waste. Point them to reliable sources of information, such as documentaries, books, or online platforms that provide guidance on green living. Encourage them to join local community initiatives or environmentally conscious organizations where they can find support and inspiration.
Step 6 – Plan Green Activities Together:
Make the conversation interactive and engaging by planning green activities or challenges together. Suggest activities such as community clean-ups, gardening, cooking vegetarian meals, or visiting sustainable businesses in your area. By doing these activities as a group, you will build a sense of camaraderie and support each other in your sustainable efforts.
Authors on a cycling trip in Dresden, a great activity to bond over eco-conversations. Photo Credits: Omobayo Ghislain Zoffoun.
Step 7 – Create empathy towards environmental disasters happening around the world:
You could discuss the risks associated with extreme weather events and how each of us can help reduce the impact of these events by making small behavioral changes. Project risk scenarios to friends, such as how you would get to a hospital during a flood event. Asking if your friends have experienced high summer temperatures while walking to the supermarket. In addition, initiate positive discussions about how a simple urban/balcony garden can increase the bee population responsible for pollination and bringing food to our tables.
Now that you know the simple steps to start an eco-conversation, go talk to your friend!
The power of eco-conversations is undeniable. They are not just conversations; they are catalysts for change, bringing people together in their shared commitment to protecting our planet and opening doors for collective action. By approaching the topic with a friendly, non-judgmental attitude, sharing your experiences, and highlighting the benefits of green practices, you can encourage your friends to embark on their own green journeys. Whether it’s reducing waste, conserving energy, or supporting green businesses, these discussions motivate people to make meaningful changes in their everyday lives. Together, we can make a big difference and contribute to a more sustainable future for our planet. So let’s talk green and spread the message of sustainability, one conversation at a time.
by Manop Kaewfoo (Thailand), Marcel Loyd Minka, (Cameroon), Senikiwe Faith Tsile, (Botswana), Natahly Samoela, (Madagascar), Priti Sharma, (India) – Participants of the 46th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries.
Sustainable transportation has gained immense importance in an era where environmental concerns have taken center stage. Green and clean mobility can be achieved through cycling, which has emerged as an attractive option. Worldwide, cycling has captured the hearts of people due to its numerous benefits for both the individual and the planet. It is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly mode of transportation that requires no fuel and helps reduce air pollution. Cycling also promotes physical fitness and reduces stress. Ultimately, it is a great way to enjoy nature and explore the world around us. Looking at why cycling has become a symbol of sustainable transportation will open our eyes to its beauty.
Promoting sustainable transportation through cycling requires a multi-faceted approach that includes urban planning, policy changes, infrastructure development, public awareness campaigns, and individual choices. By embracing cycling as a viable mode of transportation, communities can reduce their environmental footprint, improve public health, and create more livable and vibrant urban spaces.
Cycling is highly encouraged and well integrated into the transportation system in Germany. The country has made significant efforts to promote cycling as an eco-friendly and healthy mode of transportation. Comparing cycling between Dresden, Germany, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, and Bangkok, Thailand, involves examining various factors such as infrastructure, cultural norms, policies, and overall cycling culture. Please note that these two Global South countries are diverse with significant differences, so this comparison will provide a general overview rather than specific details about each country.
The bicycle does not understand nationalities; it accepts everyone equally. It could be said to be the most democratic mode of transport. It creates value for society not only in terms of mobility but also in terms of habitability, sustainability, health, sociability, gender integration, etc. Moreover, a bicycle not only benefits those who pedal its wheels but also extends its positive impact to others.
Here are some key points to consider when discussing sustainable transportation through cycling:
1. Infrastructure
Germany: Germany is known for its well-developed cycling infrastructure, including dedicated bicycle lanes, cycling paths, and bicycle-friendly roads. The Dresden cycling infrastructure design has the main characteristics of the most significant elements of the public road. It can be distinguished between the bicycle lanes, the priority lanes for bicycles (lanes marked red), bicycles as guest areas, and zones of cars as guests, of these last two, it is recommended to limit the circulation speed. To calm traffic, in addition to reducing speed limits, changes must be made to the infrastructure, such as those curbs that have been called devilish.
Bolivia: Infrastructure for cycling varies widely across cities. Some cities have started to invest in cycling infrastructure, while others may have limited or underdeveloped cycling lanes and facilities. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, the cycling infrastructure is comparatively developed, consisting of dedicated bicycle lanes and paths that are separated from the motor traffic, promoting cycling as a safe mode of transportation.
Thailand: Between 2014 and 2016, Bangkok initiated a project aimed at constructing 48 bicycle paths covering a total distance of 298 kilometers. These paths were categorized into six different types:
1. Road Surface Path
2. Sidewalk Path
3. Road-Sidewalk Joint Path
4. Bicycle Path on the Shoulder
5. Specialized Bicycle Path
6. Bicycle Paths within Parks
However, the utilization of these bicycle paths has fallen short of expectations due to several challenges:
Parking Conflicts: Many bicycle paths have been utilized as parking spaces due to their shared characteristics with regular lanes. This is prevalent in commercial districts where development has disregarded the intended purpose of these paths.
Legal Shortcomings: Inadequate legal measures have hindered the resolution of these issues, despite these lanes being designated as ‘specialized bicycle lanes’ separated from the main road.
Lack of Network Development: The creation of a comprehensive network of bicycle routes has not been realized yet.
Unsuitable Infrastructure: The area’s infrastructure is ill-suited for bicycle usage due to challenges such as negotiating road intersections, inadequate parking facilities, insufficient lighting, and obstructions.
To address these challenges, Bangkok will undertake a pilot initiative to develop bicycle-friendly zones, focusing on areas equipped with dedicated bicycle lanes disconnected from the main road system. The plan for this initiative is as follows:
Bicycle-Road Crossings: All bicycle crossings will be transformed into pedestrian crossings. They will be elevated to a flat-topped speed hill level, and a pavement will be added based on the suitability of the area. Addressing obstructions like trees and signs that hinder cyclists’ visibility will be prioritized. Installing speed limiters and clear warning signs for motorists and pedestrians will be integral. Enhanced road signage and additional lighting will improve safety.
Crosswalks: Pedestrian crossings compatible with bicycles and adapted to the local surroundings will be designed. Existing overpasses will be upgraded by incorporating rail trenches. Other crosswalks will be evaluated and enhanced to meet universal safety standards, ensuring safe passage for everyone.
Road Surface Enhancement: Road surfaces will be enhanced for a smoother experience, addressing issues like water pipe caps and road markings. Proper drainage systems with V-groove reflective pins and other safety features will be incorporated.
Bicycle Parking: High-quality, secure bicycle parking facilities integrated with public transportation options and adjacent commercial zones, like shopping malls and shops, will be established. Furthermore, collaboration with local stakeholders will ensure comprehensive support.
Comprehensive Bicycle Paths: A comprehensive network of cycle paths across all streets, connecting different parts of the city and creating a cohesive bicycle route system, will be developed.
By focusing on these improvements and addressing the issues that have hindered bicycle path utilization, Bangkok aims to foster a more bicycle-friendly environment that promotes cycling as a viable mode of transportation. This approach will not only encourage sustainable mobility but also enhance the overall urban experience for residents and visitors alike.
2. Cultural Norms
Germany: Cycling is a popular mode of transportation in Germany. It’s seen as a normal and practical way to get around, even for longer distances. The cultural acceptance of cycling in Dresden contributes to its popularity. There is a dedicated, mostly paved, multi-use path along both sides of the Elbe River, mainly heading east from the city center. The north side is lusher and greener, while the south side has several tourist spots, such as the ferry. In addition, a part of the public transportation system can be used for a 5-minute crossing. Interestingly, in Dresden, cycling infrastructure is made more meaningful by combining it with memorials such as painted white bikes, also called as ghost bikes, that intrigue the riders on their journey.
Bolivia: Cycling culture varies across the country. In some cities, cycling might be more associated with leisure or sport than daily transportation. However, after the pandemic, cycling is gaining popularity as a sustainable mode of transportation. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, cultural norms related to transportation could influence the perception of cycling as a feasible choice for daily commuting or recreation.
The overall cycling culture in Santa Cruz is influenced by local events, clubs, advocacy groups, and individual preferences. A strong cycling culture can promote community engagement, events like group rides, and initiatives to raise awareness about cycling’s benefits. The presence of cycling-related businesses, repair shops, and bicycle-sharing programs can also indicate a growing cycling culture.
Thailand: In the past, Thailand had a strong cultural tradition of using bicycles for transportation. However, with the passage of time, the popularity of this practice has waned. Nevertheless, the contemporary era has witnessed a growing trend toward environmental preservation and mitigating the ecological issues stemming from car usage and fossil fuel consumption. These problems, notably air and noise pollution, have spurred a desire for change among a significant portion of the population.
Many individuals are now inclined towards adopting bicycles as a mode of transportation as well as for recreational and exercise purposes. This shift in mindset reflects a collective aspiration to contribute positively to the environment while embracing healthier and more sustainable lifestyle choices. As awareness of environmental concerns deepens and the realization of the impact of individual actions gains traction, the resurgence of bicycles as a preferred means of getting around stands as a promising step toward a greener and cleaner future.
3. Safety
Germany: Germany is known for its high safety standards for cyclists. Infrastructure is designed to keep cyclists safe, and drivers are generally respectful of cyclists on the road.
Bolivia: Safety for cyclists in Bolivia can be a concern due to varying infrastructure quality, traffic congestion, and differing attitudes towards cyclists on the road. Santa Cruz is working to improve cyclist safety, as they need to feel secure while riding on roads alongside motor vehicles. Effective safety measures, such as proper signage, designated bicycle lanes, and public awareness campaigns, can contribute to creating a safer environment for cyclists.
Thailand: Bicycle safety in Thailand remains a concern, largely due to the considerable volume of cars on the road. The existing state of bicycle paths also necessitates improvements to enhance safety conditions. However, there’s an encouraging trend of increasing bicycle usage despite these challenges. Looking forward, there is a strong desire for the formulation of comprehensive policies aimed at promoting bicycle use and bolstering confidence in its safety.
As more individuals embrace cycling as a viable mode of transportation, the need for a safer cycling environment becomes paramount. The eventual establishment of well-defined guidelines and policies is crucial in fostering a culture of bicycle safety. These policies should encompass not only infrastructure improvements, such as well-maintained bicycle paths and cyclist-friendly road designs, but also educational initiatives that inform cyclists and motorists alike about sharing the road responsibly.
By addressing these concerns and implementing effective policies, Thailand can aspire to create a future where bicycles are a trusted and secure mode of transportation. This transition not only aligns with the global trend toward sustainable mobility but also reflects a commitment to prioritizing the well-being of both individuals and the environment.
Challenges
Germany: While Dresden has made great strides in promoting cycling, challenges still exist, such as issues with bike theft and the need for continued investment in infrastructure.
Bolivia: Challenges in Santa Cruz can include the need for more investment in cycling infrastructure, changing attitudes towards cycling as a viable mode of transportation, and addressing safety concerns.
Thailand: Promoting the utilization of bicycles in Thailand comes with its fair share of challenges. These include the need for substantial investments in building adequate bicycle lanes, ensuring traffic safety for cyclists, incentivizing a higher number of people to opt for bicycles, and launching effective campaigns to encourage wider bicycle adoption.
1. Infrastructure Investment: Constructing well-designed and comprehensive bicycle lanes necessitates significant investments in urban planning and development. These lanes should be seamlessly integrated into the existing road network, prioritizing safety and convenience for cyclists.
2. Traffic Safety: Ensuring the safety of cyclists within the existing traffic ecosystem is a primary concern. This entails creating cyclist-friendly road designs, implementing measures to prevent accidents, and raising awareness among motorists about sharing the road harmoniously with cyclists.
3. Incentives for Cycling: To encourage more individuals to choose bicycles over other modes of transportation, the introduction of incentives can be influential. These incentives might include tax breaks, subsidies for bicycle purchases, or discounts on public transportation fares for those who cycle to transit stations.
4. Awareness Campaigns: Effective public awareness campaigns play a pivotal role in shifting cultural attitudes towards cycling. Promotional initiatives can spotlight the health benefits, environmental advantages, and cost-effectiveness of using bicycles. These campaigns should target a wide demographic sample of the population to garner broader support.
By proactively addressing these challenges, Thailand can pave the way for a bicycle-friendly environment that not only enhances sustainable mobility but also contributes to healthier lifestyles and a cleaner environment. A multi-faceted approach that encompasses infrastructure, safety, incentives, and public engagement will be instrumental in fostering a successful bicycle promotion initiative.
In conclusion, cycling as a sustainable mode of transport is more established and integrated into daily life in Germany than in many countries of the Global South. However, some Bolivian and Thai cities are making efforts to improve cycling infrastructure and promote cycling as a practical and environmentally friendly mode of transport. The success of cycling as a sustainable mode of transport depends on several factors, including infrastructure development, cultural acceptance, government policies, and safety considerations. A holistic approach that addresses these factors can help create cities where cycling is not only a practical, sustainable mode of transportation, but also a vibrant part of the urban culture. At the individual level, by embracing the bicycle as your trusted steed, you become a silent catalyst for positive change. The wheels beneath you become agents of transformation, curbing pollution and ushering in a sustainable future. Your choice to pedal instead of pollute resonates far beyond your individual journey, rippling through the fabric of society and inspiring others to follow.
A bicycle feels like a universal resonance of freedom. It produces benefits for those who travel by bicycle and those who do not, by freeing up space and reducing air and noise pollution.
The blog authors – Mariela Peña from Bolivia and Manop Kaewfoo from Thailand at the Blaues Wunder, Dresden. Photo Credits: (Arief Lagoia)
Our Dresden anecdote
Farewell to you, accompanied by a charming anecdote from our delightful cycling escapade through Dresden, Germany. Our hope is that this tale will ignite a spark within you to plan your very own cycling adventure. Navigating Dresden and its outskirts on two wheels is an experience of utmost security and ease. The enchanting journey led us along the serene banks of the Elbe River, where we marveled at the architectural masterpieces, sculptures, gardens, trees, and the tapestry of daily life.
Venturing into the rural expanse, we pedaled through barley fields, pastures, and orchards, embracing the tranquility of the countryside. In the winter of 2023, armed with our trusty CIPSEM bicycles, we embarked on a cycling expedition to the splendid Great Garden. Here, amidst blooming flowers, we delved into the intricacies of ecosystem services and hydraulic systems. A moment of reverent pause awaited us as we gazed upon the majestic Bismark Column, standing sentinel near the CIPSEM facility.
With the advent of late spring in May, our wheels covered a distance of 8 km to the vibrant rapeseed field. Inviting fellow enthusiasts to join us, we conquered challenging inclines that rewarded our determined efforts with vistas that took our breath away. At the summit, a refreshing breeze and the fragrant whispers of spring welcomed us, encapsulating the serenity of Dresden’s outskirts. And as nature’s law dictates, what goes up must descend; thus, we commenced our homeward journey.
Under the cloak of night, adrenaline surged as we descended downhill, guided by the dance of lights that signaled each move – a symphony of caution and exuberance, proclaiming, “Your safety is paramount.”
A visual glimpse into our adventure
A sunset at the Elbe River in Dresden, (Photo Credits: Manop Kaewfoo)
Left: Mariela at the Bismarcksäule, Right top: Großer Garten in winter season, Right bottom: Hydraulic systems, (Photo Credits: Manop Kaewfoo )
Left top: Route to Rapeseed field, Top center: At the Rapeseed field, Right top: The unique paved path with the wide field of meadows in winter season, Bottom: Riders bn the way to the Rapeseed field (Minh-Vietnam, Vaibhav-India, Mariela-Bolivia, Omobayo-Benin and Manop-Thailand) Photo Credits: (Manop Kaewfoo)
Left: The Red Poppy Team, Arief, Mariela and Manop (Photo Credits: A Vietnamese tourist) Right top and bottom: The red poppies, (Photo Credits: Manop Kaewfoo)
by Mariela Peña (Bolivia) and Manop Kaewfoo (Thailand) – Participants of the 46th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries.
In our fast-paced world, it is easy to forget our profound connection to nature. However, as the challenges of climate change and environmental degradation become increasingly evident, it is crucial that we live in harmony with the natural world. By fostering an appreciation for nature and adopting sustainable practices, we can forge a path towards a healthier future for both ourselves and the planet we call home. UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserves play a vital role in this endeavor, serving as powerful “guardians of the environment.” UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserves are crucial to protecting the environment. The Organization’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme has established the International Advisory Committee for Biosphere Reserves, which advises the Director-General of UNESCO and the International Co-ordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere (MAB-ICC) on scientific and technical matters related to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. I am honored to be a part of this Committee and I also manage one of the Biosphere Reserves (Lake Bosomtwe Biosphere Reserve).
You may be wondering, what exactly are Biosphere Reserves and how do they support sustainable development?
One of the primary purposes of biosphere reserves is the preservation of biodiversity. These reserves encompass a diverse range of ecosystems, spanning from pristine rainforests and wetlands to expansive coastal areas and marine environments. By safeguarding these fragile habitats, biosphere reserves protect countless species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, many of which may be rare or on the brink of extinction. Recognizing the intrinsic value of these species and the crucial ecological services they provide, such as pollination, carbon sequestration, and water purification, biosphere reserves serve as invaluable strongholds of biodiversity conservation.
Promoting Sustainable Development
Moreover, Biosphere Reserves play a pivotal role in promoting sustainable development practices. They serve as living laboratories, where scientists, researchers, and local communities collaborate to understand, protect, and responsibly utilize the natural resources found within these areas. By engaging local communities in decision-making processes, Biosphere Reserves empower individuals to become active stewards of their surrounding environment, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility. This participatory approach encourages sustainable livelihoods, the preservation of traditional knowledge, and the promotion of eco-friendly practices, ultimately leading to the long-term well-being of both humans and nature. Indigenous communities have coexisted with nature for many years. These reserves recognize the vital link between cultural heritage and biodiversity. By safeguarding customary knowledge, practices, and traditions, biosphere reserves help to maintain cultural diversity and create opportunities for intergenerational learning. This preservation of culture fosters a sense of identity, pride, and social unity within these communities, ensuring that valuable traditions are passed on to future generations.
Research in Biosphere Reserves
In addition to conservation and sustainable development, biosphere reserves serve as epicenters for research and education. These reserves provide invaluable opportunities for scientists, researchers, and students to study and comprehend the intricate relationships between ecosystems, biodiversity, and human activities. By facilitating research, knowledge exchange, and capacity building, Biosphere Reserves contribute to the advancement of scientific understanding and the development of innovative and sustainable practices. Furthermore, they serve as vibrant classrooms, raising awareness about the importance of biodiversity and inspiring future generations to become passionate advocates for environmental stewardship. By sharing this knowledge, residents can make informed decisions about conservation and sustainable development, which are vital for the environment and the community.
Tourists seeking authentic experiences in nature often visit biosphere reserves, making them a popular destination. This provides an excellent opportunity for local communities to engage in sustainable tourism and benefit from the economic opportunities it brings. Communities can showcase their heritage and receive direct economic benefits by offering eco-friendly accommodations, guided tours, cultural exchanges, and locally crafted products. This responsible tourism revenue can support local infrastructure development, healthcare, education, and other community needs, promoting overall socio-economic growth.
Role in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
Biosphere reserves play a crucial role in building resilience to climate change. They do this by conserving ecosystems, restoring degraded lands, and managing resources sustainably. These reserves effectively mitigate the effects of climate change and act as buffers against extreme weather events. They protect watersheds and sequester carbon dioxide, helping communities adapt to a changing climate. Furthermore, the knowledge and practices developed in these reserves can be shared with neighbouring areas, strengthening regional resilience.
The true power of biosphere reserves lies in their ability to serve as beacons of change. They embody the conviction that human development and ecological conservation are not mutually exclusive, but rather intertwined pursuits. By showcasing successful examples of sustainable practices and fostering collaboration among diverse stakeholders, biosphere reserves inspire the replication of these approaches in other regions, expanding their impact and influence on a global scale.
Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that biosphere reserves alone cannot solve the complex challenges our planet faces. They must be supported by robust policies, international cooperation, and individual commitment to sustainable living. Preserving the planet’s rich diversity requires collective action from governments, organizations, communities, and individuals worldwide.
In conclusion, biosphere reserves represent essential tools in the preservation of Earth’s biodiversity and the pursuit of sustainable development. These designated areas remind us of our deep connection to nature and highlight the urgent need for harmonious coexistence. Through their conservation efforts, research endeavors, and educational initiatives, biosphere reserves embody the purpose and power of protecting and preserving the precious diversity of our planet for current and future generations.
If we don’t safeguard the precious biodiversity and ecological balance in biosphere reserves, how can we ensure a prosperous future for succeeding generations?
The time to act is now; this is a collective effort, so let’s all rise up and protect our biosphere reserves for a secure future.
by Abena Dufie Wiredu Bremang (Ghana) – Participant of the 46th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries.
“Why do you want to go to nature, Vaibhav?” someone curiously inquired about my profound bond with nature.
“I feel relaxed when I go to nature, I love the chirping of birds, I hear the chanting of the forest, I feel it, I love the air within”, I could have answered,
Literally, the question was very simple yet initiated a lightning bolt of introspection within me. Sometimes, such simple statements have a way of jolting my mind, compelling me to delve deeper. Involuntarily, my thoughts took an intriguing turn as I pondered:
“How am I distinct from nature?”
“Am I not nature?”
“How different am I from any other animal or plant species in the world?
The very question at the beginning about seeking nature reveals our disconnect with nature that has been cultivated over a period of time.
Responsibility for this disconnect cannot be accounted to any one person or society or generation but all as a whole. This disconnect is a result of the training of our minds. I vividly recall the food chain diagram from the junior-high-school level textbooks that always placed humans towards the top positions of the food chain, or in a distorted interpretation of our different religious belief systems that the human body is the most sacred, or humans are here to rule the earth or humans must take care of everyone or humans are the most blessed species, thereby promoting human superiority. This has given us the feeling that humans are special and on top of all the species in this world. Therefore, the other things in nature, or even nature itself, exist to provide services to humans. Plants exist to provide us with oxygen, entertainment, and food; and animals exist to provide us with entertainment and food.
We are in constant pursuit to find existential answers to what is beneficial to us and what is not. If something seems to be advantageous based on our immediate experience, needs, or scientific knowledge, we try to protect it or keep it, otherwise replace it or destroy it. The same psychology is evident in business in the form of cost-benefit analysis without any emotion in it.
Thus, in the prevailing human psyche, nature is perceived as a service provider. If the service it offers is not readily apparent, we question the purpose of retaining that aspect or part of nature.
Hence, it became imperative to identify, measure and value the services provided by nature. The 20th century witnessed a significant milestone in this regard with the emergence of the field of Environmental Economics. As the history goes, the efforts to conceptualise the environment in economics have been going on in Europe since the 19th century. Some of the most eminent thinkers, politicians, and researchers wrote and debated about it. However, the concept gained popularity through the book “Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt” written by Nobel laureate Frederick Soddy in 1926. He criticised the understanding and belief in the economy as a perpetual motion machine that is capable of generating infinite wealth.
These milestones played a crucial role in highlighting the value of ecosystems, measured in monetary terms within the domain of economics.
However, the concept was based on the underlying belief that economics holds paramount importance for human beings on earth and thereby the environment should be studied and understood as a part of economics.
With some more effort by thinkers and researchers, it was acknowledged that ecology cannot be interpreted as a part of economics and therefore the services provided by nature should not be measured in monetary terms but in abstract terms. This was the basis for the concept of Ecosystem Services.
These steps were important because they tried to show the value of the ecosystem to our not-so-intelligent human mind and this can have a positive impact on society by helping to re-realise the value of the ecosystem in our lives. However, this concept is also based on the current scientific understanding of nature, which I fear is not complete.
So again, we can identify, measure, and value the form or the part of nature that we know according to our current experience, needs, or scientific knowledge. Isn’t this statement familiar? You may have read it above.
Therefore, “How does this concept (ecosystem services) differ from the prevailing human psyche?” Even after this valuation, we are still inclined to substitute or destroy those aspects or parts of nature that elude our identification, measurement, or valuation. “Where, then, is the paradigm shift?”
Ironically, this depicts our profound disconnect with nature.
We tend to overlook the complexity and interdependencies among the elements of nature. The form of nature that does not seem so important today, based on our current experience, need, or scientific knowledge, may have a very high interdependency in nature. The effects of its existential loss may become visible after some time. For example, for a long time, the soil was a mundane subject and was overlooked, but now that soil has begun to lose its properties (organic carbon), which affects food production and thus poses a major threat to food security, it has immediately become a topic of discussion and global importance. Another example, in the mid-20th century, plastic was considered as a symbol of progress, innovation, and convenience. It gained traction in almost every sector and aspect of our lives. However, as we started noticing its interaction with elements in nature (earth, water, and air), it has become the subject of global concern. No surprise that the theme of World Environment Day 2023 is “Beat the Plastic”. Therefore, this nexus of natural elements is very important to realize.
All the major primitive philosophies have always emphasized human beings as just another form of nature, and also on coexistence and a close interdependence with other forms of nature. Therefore, in almost all such cultures (where these philosophies originated and flourished), Nature has always been referred to as Mother. This implies a close relationship and understanding of nature, including human beings. This also highlights the acceptance and emotional connection with other forms of nature as well.
An abstract depiction of Mother Nature Image Source: Pixabay
Thus, it is essential to realize that nature is not a service provider but the ground for our very existence and we cannot afford to lose any of its elements.
Because for an infant it’s not only the mother’s breast that is important to provide visible service but the mother as a whole.
As we celebrate this World Environment Day, let us also raise our consciousness towards nature as a whole and strive to re-establish our connection with her. May we acknowledge the complexity and interdependence within nature and recognize our role as stewards, nurturing and preserving the delicate balance of the Earth’s ecosystems.
by Vaibhav Aggarwal (India) – Participant of the 46th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries.
Note: The views expressed in this text are personal and exclusive to the author. Vaibhav Aggarwal is a member of the Executive Council of the Center for Business and Social Research (an NGO in India) and a Strategic Advisor at the Center for Research and Implementation of Sustainable Practices Global (an NGO in India).
While calling it a day, I am reflecting on the thought-provoking sessions at CIPSEM which discussed the alarming environmental problems exacerbating climate change. Climate change is currently among the most pressing environmental issues that our planet is facing. Scientific evidence shows that the Earth’s climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, largely as a result of human activities. CIPSEM is playing a great role in arranging these sessions which are good to initiate critical thinking about how big the problem is (although research says the problem is really big) and what to do (although research says the solutions are manyfold and all require financial means).
As I write this piece, I am reminded of a scene from the movie Avatar (2009) where the protagonist, Jake Sully, after being discredited, tries to get higher in the sky above Toruk (the great leonopteryx) to control it and becomes Toruk Makto.
Sometimes your whole life boils down to one insane move to test a theory.
In this case, the theory was that Toruk, being the largest and biggest leonopteryx, would not care about things flying above it.
So, when the problem is complex and vast, we need to broaden our perspective to solve the problem. The broadening of perspective becomes more important especially when the problem is related to the Earth itself.
Ironically, instead of addressing the root cause of the problem, we often settle for symptomatic solutions. Thus, shrinking the focus and perspective. This narrowing of the focus is also very visible in the evolution of our societies that moved from a collective family-oriented mentality to a narrow definition of family. In the Indian context, we have moved from the very primitive philosophy (Sanatan) of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” which means Earth (Vasudha) is One (Aiva) Family (Kutumb) to “Veer Bhogya Vasudha” which means Earth (Vasudha) belongs (Bhogya) to Strong (Veer) in the mediaeval period and finally to the definition of family as per:
Oxford Dictionary: a group of one or more parents and their children living together as a unit
Cambridge Dictionary: a group of people who are related to each other, such as a mother, a father, and their children.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary: the basic unit in society, traditionally consisting of two parents rearing their children.
The 3Cs: Consciousness, Compassion and Creation
As an observer of nature, societal development, and curious about spirituality, I see this transition broadly from the perspective of Consciousness, Compassion and Creation (3Cs). I borrowed these three terms from the three major philosophies of Hinduism (Sanatan) in India: Shiv, Vishnu and Brahma.
Shiv is the Consciousness that guides the energy in the whole system and is also responsible for the change of activities in the system, Vishnu is the Compassion that sustains momentum and interdependencies of activities in the system and Brahma is the Creation that introduces new activities into the system.
In nature, these three exist in perfect harmony. Disturbing this balance disturbs the whole entropy in nature as a system consisting of living species, non-living elements, earth, climate, water and many more. This means that for a balanced development, we need the 3Cs to be in complete harmony. Leaving even one C will result in an unbalanced development.
Human beings, as another living species, are also a part of the natural system and so thus the human society.
Disturbance in 3Cs
Thus, the problem of today’s earth, disturbance in the entropy of the natural system, is the result of unbalanced development where all the 3Cs are not in harmony. In the initial phase of modern development, creation seemed obvious and beneficial for societal development, but consciousness and compassion were dominated by creation.
Now, in the present scenario, to some extent consciousness about nature is increasing while carrying out creation, however compassion is missing. So, unless we learn to keep the 3Cs in harmony, we may struggle in solving the problems of the present time.
Education in the present scenarios helps to achieve awareness (Consciousness), which is very important to act in a certain direction. However, the same “shrinking” transition from broad to narrow focus can also be observed in the education system. In India, this system has moved from the broad “Gurukul Sabhyata” with flexible and nature-based learning (covering all the 3Cs) to a narrow “standardised school system” with rigid and text-based learning (covering only one or two Cs). Thus, structural learning has almost replaced behavioural learning and the focus has changed from one’s overall development to training the masses in a certain specific way.
Therefore, this transition from 3Cs to two or one C needs to be carefully analysed and calculated.
We need to think that to what extent we can shrink our focus and disturb the entropy of the system in the veil of development.
For me, the solution to the present problem lies in the history of societal development along with the education system. It’s very important to achieve harmony within the system. We must restructure the education system to incorporate all 3Cs to promote the development of a balanced society. This includes creating environmental consciousness, fostering compassion through interaction with nature, and facilitating creation through field activities. Small initiatives like waste segregation at the school level or student-based gardening can help reconnect society with nature and restore the balance between 3Cs.
It is also crucial to take collective measures at individual, societal, national and international level with a futuristic approach to balance the 3Cs through self-awareness, social boundations, policy changes and international agreements respectively.
Sometimes going back to achieve harmony is the only way forward.
by Vaibhav Aggarwal (India) – Participant of the 46th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries.
Exactly one week after 45th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries (EM45) ended, we are happy to present you one last excursion report. On June 21, the participants headed to the Lusatian Lignite District to learn more about land reclamation of old mining sites. This time, participants Adriana Valeria Ramos Roncal from Bolivia and Anoj Khanal from Nepal kindly provided a summary of their field trip:
“Germany is still and by far the leading lignite producer in the world with a total reserve of 180 million tons. Despite of having multiple renewable energy sources and plants in operation, several lignite mines are still in operation with a majority of it being concentrated in the eastern side of Germany. Since the beginning of the 20th century, open-cast mining and lignite industry have turned the traditional rural region in a “man-made landscape”, with its very specific site conditions.
To understand the process and consequences of lignite mining, one-day field excursion was organized by CIPSEM and Technische Universität Dresden (TUD) on 21st June 2022. 16 participants from CIPSEM course (EM45) together with Master’s students from (TUD) joined together for a field visit on lignite mine areas in Lusatian Lignite District, Germany. Major objective of the field visit was to understand the complete cycle of lignite mining from lignite excavation, processing, use of lignite in energy generation, land acquisition from farmers and land reclamation initiatives after completion of mining activities.
How land reclamation works
Second spot of field excursion was focused on a land reclamation site where systematic interventions were made to reclaim the land and make it useful for agriculture. Participants were introduced to various techniques and tools to stabilize reclaimed area, focusing especially on soil nutrient protection. The facilitator conveyed the significance of different aspects like slope stability, soil nutrient, moisture availability and regular monitoring mechanism required for successful implementation of land reclamation strategy. Yield potential vs. time of cultivation was studied for the following 6 soil types from the mining area to understand the time required for getting the production rate equivalent to pre-mining time.
Calcareous loam
Carbonaceous (coal) loam
Calcareous loam sand
Carbonaceous (coal) loam sand
Calcareous loamy sand
Carbonaceous (coal) loamy sand
Assessment of soil profile from ancient mining site
Last destination of the excursion was an old lignite mine area with a history of more than 200 years. We were exposed to the old briquette factory area currently filled with good vegetation cover. A soil pit was dug in the middle of the forest to teach students about the soil profile from the area. Clear layer of lignite in the surface was well exposed in the area which serves as a raw material for briquette production. Sand and soil below such layer is coarse in nature with very less moisture content.
With the surrounding vegetation, it was also clear that long time gap and strict protection measures are crucial for making land reclamation feasible.
The excursion was ended with a good summary from the facilitator on existing and old mining activities in Saxony and how we can reclaim the natural environment even after the extensive mining for decades.”
by Adriana Valeria Ramos Roncal (Bolivia) & Anoj Khanal (Nepal)
On June 13, the participants of our 45th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries (EM45) left Dresden’s city center for a soil science walk in the city’s periphery. Participants Arely Neisa Palabral Aguilera from Bolivia and Peter Ernest Mkilindi from Tanzania prepared a report about this trip within the EM45 course which is about to end by tomorrow, July 14:
“It is another beautiful day in the outskirts of Dresden, one of the most beautiful cities in Germany; a group of international participants of the EM45 course gathers for one of the things they love the most, going out for excursions. On this brilliant cold morning, with glittering clouds that provided a sign of a rainy day, participants met Professor Karl–Heinz Feger, our leader and guide for this brilliant excursion which involved some other international students from TU Dresden.
Professor Karl-Heinz Feger briefed on what the day entailed and what everyone should expect. After a few minutes of briefing and plans for the day, a journey to our destinations had already started. There was neither a tram nor bus on this occasion; it was just a simple expedition! It was using our own feet as means of transport! Walking, discussing, knowing each other, and getting knowledge on soils from our polite, dedicated, and very professional leader, Professor Feger, and of course, Luca, his assistant.
All group was carrying backpacks, some with jackets in their hands, others with hoes and hammers, and others with chocolates and water bottles to ensure the plans of the day were not ruined by any predictable factor.
Professor Feger made several stops on the way to give lectures on soil formation, texture, and other properties, and this made our plain expedition even more delightful.
We heated the ground for quite long heading to the City of Freital, a popular place for uranium disposal and steel mining without getting tired or bored, some taking nice shots, others taking sips of water or juice, some just yawning! On the way, we saw several water monitoring stations for potential uranium-related radioactive dangers. It was also interesting to see that there is an underground connection between Freital and Königstein, which is about 30 km long!
We ended our day at a city viewpoint, with our hosts wrapping up the wonderful trip and bidding farewell to the group. It was such a wonderful day that everyone tried to imagine how possible it could be to have a similar experience someday, but this was a different and unique day you can never replicate.
by Arely Neisa Palabral Aguilera (Bolivia) & Peter Ernest Mkilindi (Tanzania)
On June 08, the participants of our 45th UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV International Postgraduate Course on Environmental Management for Developing Countries (EM45) visited Pirna and had the chance to meet two of Pirna’s representatives to exchange on climate action within the field of renewable energy. Participants Mustika Aji Hertanto from Indonesia and Jolly Kayiita from Uganda submitted an insightful report about what they took away from the meeting:
“On Wednesday, 08 June 2022 at 9.15 am, the participants of CIPSEM’s EM45 course arrived in Pirna, a town located 17 km away from Dresden, a place that would further surprise us on how they are involved in climate protection through their management in the energy sector. Before arriving in Pirna, we never thought that a beautiful small town with 40,000 inhabitants and 53 km2 area would teach us a lot with their achievement despite their minimum resources. It reminded us of an old saying that said “revolutionaries come from minimum resources”. Yes, Pirna is the real example of that, they restore our faith in the positivity, something that is very expensive lately, since we are too busy to deal with politics and interests.
We were warmly welcomed by Markus Dreßler, the deputy mayor of Pirna, and Thomas Freitag, Pirna’s climate protection manager at 10 am in front of the town hall. They kindly told us about a brief history of Pirna before inviting us to the meeting room inside the town hall. The friendly atmosphere at the time was blurring us that those two people in front of us were two of influential persons in Pirna, the persons who bring change to that beautiful small town.
Mr. Dreßler, in his welcoming speech explained that Pirna has been involved in the climate protection and focus on the energy. Recently, they also joined the European Energy Award (EEA) because it allows the structure of the municipality to deal with climate protection and its external guidance. They worked very hard to make sure that the city can contribute to the betterment of the world through renewable energy. This line was punching right on our face. How could a small town that was slowly left by its people to other cities for a better life, work really hard? They devote themselves as much as they can regardless the minimal resources they have and political interest they found in the process. The way they work is to avoid distraction and not to spend too much energy in analysis but in the implementation to achieve the target. As a result, Pirna is in a good way to receive a gold category in European Energy award (EEA). They have many milestones since 2008 and recently in 2021, they received a certification with EEA gold. They focus on their renewable energy in the heating system and to light the city.
Another learning we get from Pirna is on how they mix the top-down and bottom-up approach by considering the balance of the environmental impact and the financial balance. This is very important because as environmentalists we sometimes are too research-based and do not consider other interest. This is surprising because to their knowledge, this approach is effective to convince people that still do not believe in the climate change. Again, we learn how a small resource can be a revolutionary if they have an inspiring leader. Lastly in Mr. Dreßler’s closing remark, there is still a target that is difficult to achieve. It is to implement more PV in new building and the establishment of wind energy. The economic reason and many conflicts of interest become the reasons why such a good initiative is hard to implement.
In brief, we also learned a lot about the development of climate protection work in Pirna. In overall score, they have 79.4% assessed based on 6 actions of EEA:
Development and spatial planning energy
Municipal buildings and facilities
Supply and disposal energy, water, waste water and waste
Communication and cooperation
Internal organization energy team
Mobility public transport
In the process, they apply a municipal energy management which is a systematic and continuous development of non-investment and low-investment savings potential in the operation of municipal buildings. There are three main reasons why Pirna applies municipal energy management:
Reduction of energy consumption
The increasing costs for energy
The increasing demand for energy
To not burdening the people, the municipal has a smart initiative by implementing leasing model in the photovoltaic system. They also have many environmental programs such as E-carsharing for the municipality fleet, city gardens Breite Straße, energy projects in school, exchange of experience with twin towns and many more.
Before finishing the excursion, we were invited to go to Carl Friedrich Gauß Schule, an exemplary of the passive house, a place that has a very low energy consumption. Built in 2013, the school implements 4 heating systems:
Heating pump below the ground
Heat and power plant combination
Air exchange
Heat capture system
The school has a very good control of air control, the running cos is even cheaper. Yes, there is a challenge in the investment cost, but compared to long term financial benefit, it is economically efficient. Another challenge is that there should be a zero error in the building planning. It needs collaboration between the architect and energy consultant.
In the return to CIPSEM, we were wondering that we were very lucky to have a chance to visit one remarkable town in the saxony. Somehow, we also reflect to ourselves that we may complain a lot about resources that hamper us in achieving the goals, even we sometimes use it as our justification why our target is not achieved. Pirna realizes us that we should not complain with the resources we have; Pirna reminds us that hard work combined with smart initiative are the key of a successful action; and lastly, Pirna inspires us that no matter how hard the challenge, everything is possible.”
by Mustika Aji Hertanto (Indonesia) & Jolly Kayiita (Uganda)
UNEP/UNESCO/BMUV course program 